Optimizing sustainable tourism in Juneau: a hybrid approach using HHO algorithm and dynamic programming

This study presents a sustainable tourism development model for Juneau, Alaska, employing the Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) algorithm and dynamic programming. The model addresses the challenges posed by rapid tourism growth, including infrastructure strain, environmental damage, and rising housing costs. It predicts tourist distribution and future growth rates while incorporating constraints on resource regeneration, carbon footprint, and local residents' attitudes. The model forecasts that Juneau will receive 1.77 million tourists next year, with total revenue reaching $526 million. Additionally, the study explores the impact of increased taxation on tourism costs and the resulting changes in tourist numbers. The research underscores the significance of balancing economic growth with environmental and social well-being, offering valuable insights for policymakers and industry practitioners aiming to achieve sustainable tourism development.