Self‐Activated Heterogeneous Fenton Process for Accelerated Degradation of Aromatic Pollutants over Copper Oxide Catalysts

Metal-based heterogeneous catalysts have been commonly adopted for Fenton-like oxidation of organic pollutants, but generally suffer from inadequate activity in practical water treatment applications due to surface passivation by accumulated pollutants and sluggish redox cycling of active metal. Here, we observed an unusual phenomenon of pollutant-induced activity enhancement for copper oxide (CuO) in H₂O₂ activation and phenol degradation, which is in sharp contrast to considerable activity decay of Fe₂O₃ catalyst. The CuO was found to stabilize and activate phenol via ligand-to-metal charge transfer route, generating surface-bound phenoxyl radicals for further mediating the H₂O₂ activation and enabling a rapid regeneration of low-valent Cu. Based on this principle, a Fe-Cu bimetal oxides catalyst was elaborated to further augment the catalyst-phenol interaction towards self-activated Fenton oxidation. The optimal catalyst achieved 14-time faster pollutant degradation rate and 2 order-of-magnitude higher H₂O₂ utilization efficiency than the Fe₂O₃ control. It also demonstrated good adaptability to degradation of diverse substituted benzenes and maintained stable performance for treatment of real lake water during 100-day continuous operation. Our work implies that the catalyst-pollutant interaction may be rationally leveraged and modulated to create highly efficient and stable heterogeneous catalytic systems, thus further unlocking their potential for sustainable water purification application.