Generalized theoretical framework for spatial attenuation rates of gravity waves in a stepwise-stratified fluid system with multiple layers of arbitrary depths

This study presents a theoretical model for gravity wave attenuation in a multilayered fluid system, incorporating the dynamics of fluidized mud, water, oil, and air. By solving the dispersion relation, it examines how attenuation rates vary with fluid properties, layer depths, and wave frequencies. Results highlight the dominant role of air dynamics, which become particularly significant for deep-water, low-frequency waves. Maximum attenuation rates arise from strong velocity gradients in fluid layers and can be understood through variations in group velocity and penetration depth, the latter being related to the rotational part of the velocity field.