Refractive development III: Variations in emmetropia and ametropia

The terms refractive and axial ametropia are inadequate given the many interactions between ocular dimensions during eye growth, while emmetropisation is largely determined by the ability of the crystalline lens to lose power as the eye grows. 'Regulated' and 'Dysregulated' eyes are suitable alternatives, distinguished based on their relative biometry within a population. While the biometry of each eye is unique, large overlaps exist in the values of different refractive groups. These observations underscore the importance of using comprehensive rather than partial biometric data when studying or managing refractive errors.