Plasmablastic Lymphoma of maxilla in an HIV-negative, immunocompetent patient: A case report on unusual occurrence

Plasmablastic Lymphoma (PBL) is a rare and aggressive form of lymphoma that is classified as a subtype of B-cell, non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. First described in 1997, PBL has been strongly linked to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infections. It is also known to be associated with other immunosuppressive conditions such as post-transplantation state with its immunosuppressive therapy, history of cancer, and advanced age. We reported a case of PBL in a healthy, HIV-negative, and immunocompetent patient who presented with B-symptoms and right maxillary pain and swelling, which was finally diagnosed as Plasmablastic Lymphomas. Extensive diagnostic workups were conducted to rule out immunosuppressive conditions. The only significant finding was evidence of prior EBV infection, which may have served as a predisposing factor. The patient was treated with empirical EPOCH followed by R-EPOCH chemotherapy, showing notable disease improvement during subsequent follow-up. • Rare PBL occurrence in HIV-negative, immunocompetent patient. • Strong link between PBL and HIV as well as other immunodeficient conditions. • Case expands knowledge and treatment of HIV-negative PBL.