Moroccan brown algae as a source of bionematicidal against root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.)

Root-knot nematodes ( Meloidogyne spp.) pose a major threat to vegetable production in Morocco. In search of sustainable alternatives to synthetic nematicides, this study evaluated the in vitro nematicidal activity of ethanolic extracts from four Moroccan brown algae: Cystoseira humilis , Cystoseira ericoides , Sargassum vulgare , and Sargassum muticum at concentrations of 6, 8, and 10 mg/mL. The extracts of S. vulgare and C. humilis achieved the highest juvenile mortality (83%) after 72 hours. S. vulgare also showed the greatest inhibition of egg hatching (82%). Phytochemical analysis revealed that C. humilis and C. ericoides had the highest levels of total phenolics and flavonoids, while S. vulgare demonstrated strong nematicidal activity despite lower compound concentrations. These findings highlight the potential of S. vulgare and Cystoseira species as eco-friendly agents for managing Meloidogyne spp. Further in vivo studies are required to confirm their efficacy, determine optimal application methods, and establish effective dosages.