Utilization of a micro-squeezed channel in drug delivery through hybrid nanofluids under Hall current, nanoparticle radius, and interparticle spacing effects

Purpose The purpose of this study is to focus on the laminar flow of blood-based (Ag-TiO2) Darcy−Forchheimer hybrid nanofluids (DF-HNF) in an artificial micro-squeezed channel confined by two porous walls. Design/methodology/approach This model could be advantageous for medical diagnostics using artificial intelligence (AI), particularly in drug delivery and biomedical mechanisms. The nanofluid can infiltrate and escape both sides of the channel with similar widths while dilating and expanding at a constant speed due to the porous medium for flow. The control volume finite element method (CVFEM) and artificial neural network (ANN) are used to solve the governing equations. Findings Investigating the effects of nanoparticle radius and interparticle spacing, allowing the blood-based (Ag-TiO2) hybrid nanofluid for uniform flow and drug distribution. CVFEM examined the microscopic view of DF-HNF based on blood, achieving a best validation performance at 250 epochs with a mean squared error of 4.356 × 10−9 for Nusselt number prediction, confirming strong correlation between key heat transfer parameters and output. Parameters are examined, and reasoning and physical explanations beyond them are also shown. The current results are compared to existing literature. Research limitations/implications The current simulation is helpful for the experimental analysis. Other than Ag and TiO2 nanoparticles, this idea is for further research. Practical implications In the biomedical field, compression and extension are essential for transporting blood and delivering targeted drugs. This study intends to concentrate on the gradual movement of blood-based (Ag-TiO2) DF-HNF within an artificial micro-squeezed channel that is surrounded by two porous walls. Social implications Targeted drug delivery is an important phenomenon in the field of biomedical engineering. The advanced AI-based drug delivery analysis is essential to achieve the targets. These are the important phenomena that are the requirements of each human. Originality/value The blood particles are ionic, and the addition of the Hall current is an innovative idea to make the flow field more natural, which has been the focus of this study. The nanoparticle space and diameter flexibility are novel in this study. The CVFEM approach to analyze the microscopic view and AI-based ANN are also new contributions to this study.