Evaluating Sepsis Management and Patient Outcomes: A Comprehensive Retrospective Study of Clinical and Treatment Data

<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Sepsis, as a major cause of mortality worldwide, requires timely diagnosis and prompt treatment to improve patient outcomes. In this study, we evaluated sepsis management strategies and their impact on clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients. <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective study was conducted by analyzing clinical and treatment data from the electronic records of sepsis patients who had been admitted to tertiary care hospitals in eastern Saudi Arabia. Using systematic sampling, the details of eligible patients were obtained. Data were collected on patient demographics, vital signs, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and laboratory parameters, treatment (antibiotic therapy, vasopressor use, or fluid resuscitation), and outcomes (survival in hospital). Statistical analyses were performed to assess the association between clinical and treatment strategies and patient outcomes. <b>Results:</b> A total of 234 sepsis cases were analyzed, of which 70.9% were survivors and 29.1% were non-survivors. Patients aged 60 years and above were the most affected. Statistically significant differences were observed across all of the measured vital sign variables and outcomes (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Based on SOFA scores, 56.41% of patients were assessed as having a moderate risk. Through our comparison of clinical and laboratory parameters between survivors and non-survivors, significant differences were found in all of the measured variables (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). The odds of survival were significantly higher in those who received early administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics (OR = 4.9449, <i>p</i> = 0.0001), vasopressor therapy (OR = 1.9408, <i>p</i> = 0.0262), and fluid resuscitation OR = 11.035, <i>p</i> = 0.0001). <b>Conclusions:</b> The results of this study highlight the importance of early sepsis recognition, prompt antibiotic therapy, and standardized protocol adherence in improving patient outcomes and reducing mortality and morbidity.