THE ROLE OF PREOPERATIVE NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTIONS IN ENHANCING RECOVERY AFTER SURGERY

Introduction: Malnutrition is a prevalent but often underrecognized factor affecting surgical outcomes. It can lead to increased rates of postoperative complications, prolonged hospitalization, and increased mortality. Preoperative nutritional optimization is emerging as a modifiable risk factor with tangible benefits. Objective: This review aims to synthesize the current evidence on the role of preoperative nutritional strategies in improving surgical recovery. It evaluates several types of interventions and their effects on patient outcomes. Methods: A narrative review was conducted using data from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Studies published in the last five years were included. Relevant literature was assessed for methodological rigor and thematic relevance. Results and Discussion: Preoperative nutritional interventions—ranging from immunonutrition and protein supplementation to micronutrient replacement—have demonstrated reductions in the rates of postoperative complications, infections, and readmissions. Enhanced recovery protocols that include nutritional optimization were more effective in reducing surgical stress and preserving lean body mass. Conclusion: Preoperative nutrition plays a crucial role in surgical outcomes and should be incorporated into perioperative protocols. Tailoring interventions based on nutritional status, type of surgery, and comorbidities is essential to maximize benefits.