Simulations and Complex Thinking in Logistics Education: A Qualitative Needs Analysis from Experts

The Fourth Industrial Revolution, characterized by the integration of digital technologies into business operations, is reshaping the logistics sector, requiring the development of advanced cognitive skills. This study addresses the growing need for adaptive logistics simulators by conducting a qualitative needs analysis. Through a combination of a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and qualitative content analysis of semi-structured interviews with six logistics experts from Latin America, the study identifies key features for simulator design that align with Industry 4.0 demands. The findings are threefold: (a) the simulator must incorporate features supporting decision-making and logistics planning in dynamic, uncertain contexts; (b) it should foster the development of complex thinking sub-competences, including systemic, critical, scientific, and innovative thinking; (c) it must provide actionable strategies for enhancing logistics education. These insights underscore the pivotal role of simulations in equipping STEM students and professionals with skills to thrive in the rapidly evolving Industry 4.0 landscape.