Vehicle-to-Grid and Grid-to-Vehicle Scheduling Based on Load Leveling and Peak Shaving

This paper introduces peak shaving and load leveling techniques in the electrical power system by utilizing the vehicle to grid (V2G) and grid to vehicle (G2V) technologies as one of the ways to decrease power system over all operational cost and absorb excess electrical energy in the hours of low electrical demand. The IEEE 24 bus system is utilized and modified while taking into account the presence of electric vehicles and renewable energy power stations in the system. A novel vehicle aggregation system is employed to facilitate the implementation of peak shaving and load leveling techniques. The system is tested across the span of 24 hours while considering power system and vehicle constraints which include: power transmission, power balance, generation limits and state of charge of vehicles (SoC). The scheduling problem is solved by utilizing hybrid mean variance mapping optimization technique (MVMO-SH). The obtained results show that the integration of load leveling and peak shaving techniques in the system was successful, and these results suggest that the integration of the vehicle aggregation system will be beneficial to the grid system as it saved 3.6% of total system run cost.