A Phase-Locked Minimum-Energy-Point-Tracking Enabled by Unified-Clock-Power-and-Body-Bias Slack Regulation and PI-Ratio Based In-Situ Loop Gain Optimization with 97.4% Supply Voltage Margin Recovery at Minimum-Energy-Point in 28nm FDSOI

Energy efficiency is a primary goal in modern digital system design, especially as IoT, mobile, and AI applications demand low power consumption alongside high performance. To optimize energy consumption, both supply voltage (V<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</inf>) and threshold voltage (V<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</inf>) need to be tuned to operate at the Minimum Energy Point (MEP), where dynamic energy (E<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dyn</inf>) and leakage energy (E<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">leak</inf>) are optimally balanced[1]. Achieving MEP under varied environmental and workload conditions is essential for sustaining energy-efficient performance across diverse applications, driving the need for Minimum Energy Point Tracking (MEPT) mechanisms [2]–[6].