Real-Time Cyber-Physical Co-Simulation for Resilient Wide-Area Damping Control Against FDIAs and Communication Disruptions

Integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) into modern power systems presents a myriad of challenges, foremost among them being the pressing demand for a simulation platform capable of accurately replicating the intricate dynamics of these complex systems. This paper presents the implementation and outcomes of a Real-Time Cyber-Physical Testbed Co-simulation with Hardware-in-the-Loop (RTCPTC-HIL) approach to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed Wide-Area Damping Controller (WADC) with HVDC in mitigating inter-area oscillations in large-scale RESs integrated power systems. The testbed integrates OPAL-RT OP4510 for system modeling and OP8665 for controller development and testing, with real-time communication via physical connections and TCP/IP. Moreover, WADC functionality depends on remote measurements acquired from PMUs, which are vulnerable to disruptions and cyber-attacks, potentially compromising controller performance. To address this, a machine learning-based signal reconstruction framework leveraging CNN-LSTM is proposed to enhance WADC resilience against communication disturbances and anomalies. A 25-generator, 105- bus truncated model of India's Eastern Regional grid is utilized for validation of proposed framework.