Wireless Localization With Space–Time-Coded Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces

In this paper, a novel approach for wireless localization is proposed and experimentally validated that leverages space-time coded reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS). It is demonstrated that applying proper single-bit codes to each RIS element enables accurate determination of the direction of arrival (DOA) at the receiver. Moreover, we introduce different scenarios for which such technique can be used for localization. By incorporating RIS, a passive component, the method significantly reduces the complexity found in previous localization techniques. In addition, the use of 1-bit codes minimizes hardware requirements, offering a reliable and low-cost solution for localization in advanced telecommunications networks.