The Use of a Voluntary Code of Conduct for Space Sustainability: A Practical Governance Tool

The article calls for the need of a Voluntary Code of Conduct for the space industry, given the sector’s increasing reliance on private actors. With the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) driving rapid advancements in artificial intelligence, automation, and digital connectivity, space activities are evolving beyond traditional government- led initiatives. The private sector now plays a pivotal role, not only in technological innovation and economic expansion but also in shaping a more sustainable and responsible commercial space environment. Considering the absence of binding international regulations that adequately address today’s challenges, such as satellite congestion, environmental risks, and commercial ethics, a structured, self-regulatory framework can serve as a practical governance tool.