Ribociclib-Induced hepatotoxicity exacerbated by fenugreek supplement use: A case report

BackgroundCyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors, such as ribociclib, are the cornerstone of treatment for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) metastatic breast cancer. However, ribociclib is known to cause hepatotoxicity, and the role of other dietary supplements in this process is not well understood.Case PresentationA 47-year-old woman with metastatic breast cancer experienced grade III hepatotoxicity shortly after starting ribociclib. Despite discontinuing the drug, transaminase levels remained elevated. Using the the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM), a probable drug-induced liver injury was identified (score: 6). Upon disclosure of concurrent use of a fenugreek-based supplement, the revised RUCAM score dropped to 4. Further anamnesis revealed concurrent intake of a fenugreek-based supplement, prompting a revised RUCAM score of 4. The Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale also indicated a <i>possible</i> association (score: 4). In contrast, the Drug Interaction Probability Scale (DIPS) scored 5, suggesting a <i>probable</i> herb-drug interaction between ribociclib and fenugreek.Management and OutcomeTransaminase levels gradually returned to normal within eight weeks of stopping ribociclib and four weeks after discontinuing the fenugreek supplement. The patient was counseled to avoid herbal supplements and initiated on palbociclib as an alternative CDK4/6 inhibitor. Liver function remained stable with no recurrent hepatotoxicity.DiscussionFenugreek modulates CYP3A4, which metabolizes ribociclib. This case highlights underrecognized herb-drug interactions in oncology.