ARCHITECTURE OF POSITIONING SYSTEMS FOR OBJECTS N CONSTRUCTION SITES

The article proposes the architecture of a system for positioning objects on construction sites where the space configuration is dynamically changing. A hybrid system has been developed that integrates satellite (GPS or Starlink) and two local technologies (UWB, Wi-Fi) to ensure the optimal ratio of the specified accuracy, reliability of real-time positioning of objects and minimum cost.To improve the system’s reliability, an approach based on zoning the construction site by the level of criticality is proposed, which allows the positioning system to adapt to the environment. In areas of high criticality, a combination of three technologies is used to ensure accuracy of up to 50 cm even in the presence of metal obstacles. In medium-critical areas, a combination of two technologies is advisable, the choice of which depends on the site configuration. In low-criticality areas (open spaces without significant obstacles), one of the available technologies is used depending on the coverage conditions.The architecture includes four levels. The first level collects information from sensors and satellite communication modules. The second level is responsible for processing the received data, filtering noise and correcting errors, which is implemented using a Kalman filter. The third tier is responsible for storing information, which is organised through a multi-level system, including operational, long-term and archival storage. This allows you to store and analyse current and historical data, providing the ability to predict the movement of objects and improve logistics efficiency. The fourth level ensures the integration of the system into the overall management infrastructure, allowing operators to monitor facilities in real time and predict possible deviations.The proposed architecture allows the system to be customised and scaled to suit the specifics of the construction site, taking into account the complexity of the environment, criticality of areas and positioning accuracy requirements. The use of adaptive zoning allows for the efficient distribution of positioning technologies, ensuring a balance between accuracy, reliability and economic feasibility.