Carbon Nanotubes for Rechargeable Na/Cl<sub>2</sub> Batteries
Rechargeable Na/Cl<sub>2</sub> batteries were developed for the first time using multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) positive electrodes in SOCl<sub>2</sub>-based electrolytes. At room temperature, these batteries delivered high cycling specific capacities up to 3500 mA h g<sup>-1</sup> (normalized to CNT mass) with ∼3.9 V discharge voltage at up to 2 C rates over >140 cycles. In situ Raman spectroscopy experiments combined with real-time optical microscopy imaging revealed reversible formation and reduction of SCl<sub>2</sub> and S<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> species during battery operation, responsible for the additional plateaus to the main Cl<sup>-</sup>/Cl<sub>2</sub> redox reactions. Cryo-TEM revealed NaCl nanocrystals inside the hollow inner space of CNTs through battery cycling, suggesting Cl<sup>-</sup>/Cl<sub>2</sub> redox reactions reaching hollow CNTs likely through defects and open ends on MWCNTs. High-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) mapping revealed Cl uniformly distributed along CNTs in the charged state, suggesting CNTs as a novel carbon material to host Cl<sup>-</sup>/Cl<sub>2</sub> redox and store chlorine for reversible conversion between NaCl and Cl<sub>2</sub> and battery rechargeability.
Authors
- Xichen Zhou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0907-958X)
- Yan Wu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1252-5600)
- Jingwen Zhou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3949-3733)
- Hongjie Dai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4906-4502)
- Bing−Joe Hwang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3873-2149)
- Shu‐Chi Wu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6008-6609)
- Mengdie Sun (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7936-5779)
- Guanzhou Zhu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8829-4776)
- Yuan‐Yao Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0972-1966)
- Weize Wang
- Jiachen Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8311-4043)
- Mingyue Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8317-3414)
- Feifei Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7687-3412)
- Peng Liang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7659-9935)
- Lei Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6873-7314)
- Ming Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1994-117X)
- Shixin Wang
- Cheng-Liang Huang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4178-7674)
Institutions
- National Chung Cheng University (TW)
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (TW)
- Southern University of Science and Technology (CN)
- University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Stanford University (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Journal of the American Chemical Society
- Published
- 2025-05-19
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.4c18070
- Citations
- 12
- Primary Topic
- Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 8.77
Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China