Is Amalgamation the Remedy to Territorial Fragmentation? Insights from Nigeria

Abstract. Territorial fragmentation remains a major obstacle to national unity and sustainable development in multi-ethnic societies, especially in Nigeria, where ethnic, religious, and regional divides continue to weaken national integration. This study explores the potential of amalgamation as a solution to territorial disunity, focusing on the Nigerian experience. Adopting a historical research approach, the study draws from colonial archives, government documents, and scholarly literature to examine the historical formation of Nigeria, particularly the 1914 merger of the Northern and Southern Protectorates by British colonial powers. The research aims to determine whether amalgamation, as a political and administrative mechanism, can effectively resolve the persistent challenges associated with fragmentation in the country. The study was guided by the Structural Functionalism Theory, which highlights the necessity of coordinated interactions among various societal institutions to maintain stability and order. The findings indicated that although the 1914 amalgamation served colonial administrative purposes, it lacked critical components such as voluntary participation, cultural harmony, and fair governance structures. These deficiencies have contributed to deep-seated ethnic mistrust, marginalization, and ongoing calls for secession. The study concludes that amalgamation alone, without inclusive and equitable governance, is insufficient to address the problems of disunity. The study recommended, among others, the adoption of genuine federalism, which would grant regional units greater autonomy while maintaining a cohesive national framework. Such an arrangement would promote cooperation, minimize ethnic friction, and strengthen long-term national integration.