Biocalcium phosphate powders prepared from threadfin bream (Nemipterus hexodon) bone: Properties and comparison with calcined fish bone powder

Threadfin bream bones, often discarded by the fish processing industry, contain valuable components such as collagen calcium and phosphorus. Converting these bones into biocalcium phosphate can enhance their value. Characteristics of biocalcium phosphate powder derived from threadfin bream bones were investigated and compared with those of calcined fish bone powder produced from the same source. Calcined fish bone powder exhibited higher calcium (36.1%) and phosphorus (17%) contents than biocalcium phosphate powder (25.8% and 12.1%, respectively) (P < 0.05). However, both powders showed a similar Ca/P ratio (1.64–1.65). Biocalcium phosphate powder displayed higher redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) values and slightly lower lightness (L*) values compared to calcined fish bone powder (P < 0.05). X-ray diffractograms confirmed the presence of hydroxyapatite in both biocalcium phosphate and calcined fish bone powders. FTIR spectra revealed the presence of protein and hydroxyproline exclusively in biocalcium phosphate powder. Volatile compound analysis revealed a low abundance of volatiles in biocalcium phosphate powder, whereas calcined fish bone powder contained negligible amounts. A simulated gastrointestinal tract study demonstrated that biocalcium phosphate powder had higher soluble calcium content compared to calcined fish bone powder, indicating greater bioavailability for absorption. Overall, biocalcium phosphate powder derived from threadfin bream bones shows promise as a calcium supplement source with favorable properties for human nutrition. • Threadfin bream bones were used to produce two types of fish bone powder. • Calcined fish bone powder had more Ca and P, but both had a similar Ca/P ratio. • Biocalcium phosphate had protein, hydroxyproline, and better Ca bioavailability. • Both powders contained hydroxyapatite; volatiles were low in biocalcium phosphate. • Biocalcium phosphate shows potential as a calcium supplement for human nutrition.