SemCAFE: When Named Entities make the Difference–Assessing Web Source Reliability through Entity-level Analytics

With the shift from traditional to digital media, the online landscape now hosts not only reliable news articles but also a significant amount of unreliable content.Digital media has faster reachability by significantly influencing public opinion and advancing political agendas.While newspaper readers may be familiar with their preferred outlets' political leanings or credibility, determining unreliable news articles is much more challenging.The credibility of many online sources is often opaque, with AI-generated content being easily disseminated at minimal cost.Unreliable news articles, particularly those that followed the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, closely mimic the topics and writing styles of credible sources, making them difficult to distinguish.To address this, we introduce SemCAFE (Semantically enriched Content Assessment for Fake news Exposure), a system designed to detect news reliability by incorporating entity-relatedness into its assessment.SemCAFE employs standard Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques, such as boilerplate removal and tokenization, alongside entity-level semantic analysis using the YAGO knowledge base.By creating a "semantic fingerprint" for each news article, SemCAFE could assess the credibility of 46,020 reliable and 3,407 unreliable articles on the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.Our approach improved the macro F1 score by 12% over state-of-the-art methods.The sample data and code are available on GitHub 1 .