Risk-oriented approach to managing the critical infrastructure development in countries of the world

The changing, dynamic and unpredictable development of the external institutional environment, crisis phenomena, natural disasters, cyberattacks and wars, armed conflicts and active hostilities are the reasons for the emergence of various types of risks to the functioning and activity of critical infrastructure facilities in various countries of the world. In this regard, the issue of forming a risk management system is currently being updated with the aim of finding a fundamentally new toolkit and methods of risk assessment, management approaches to their levelling and minimization. All this requires an in-depth analysis of the essence and content of the risk-oriented approach in order to understand the dynamic laws of managing the development of critical infrastructure. The article summarizes and systematizes the existing approaches to defining the meaning of the concept of "risk management". The author's interpretation of the terms "risk" and "risk management" from the standpoint of critical infrastructure development is provided. It is proposed to consider the risk as a situation of uncertainty, possible danger that is perceived and accepted by critical infrastructure objects, which arises as a result of changes in the relevant production, marketing, innovation, technological processes and is evaluated by the probability of loss of profitability, damage, destruction, threat of protection and security. Risk management refers to the modern paradigm of anti-crisis management of the development of critical infrastructure, taking into account the consequences of crisis phenomena, emergency situations and armed conflicts. As a result of the study, the relationship between risk, threats, risk-oriented approach, risk management and development of critical infrastructure using a bibliometric approach was revealed. The expediency of applying a risk-oriented approach to managing the development of critical infrastructure in Ukraine, taking into account the best world practices, is substantiated. The implementation of this approach will make it possible to systematically diagnose and assess the risks caused by the conditions of war, with the aim of forming an adaptively oriented management system for the development of critical infrastructure facilities on the basis of risk management, which will contribute to the implementation of successive changes in the organizational and resource provision of their security activities with taking into account the threats and challenges of the war and post-war periods.