Self-Iron-Enriched Bacterial Membrane Nanovesicles for Cascade and Multi-Modal Antitumor Therapy

The integration of microbiology and nanotechnology offers a novel strategy for cancer treatment. In this study, we innovatively propose the use of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> bacterial membranes as nanocarriers. These membranes possess a simple and unique self-enriching property for iron, which, in addition to the inherent immune effects of the membrane itself, can facilitate tumor chemodynamic therapy through Fenton reactions. The system encapsulates the anticancer drug β-Lapachone, which can generate a large amount of hydrogen peroxide within cells, further serving as a substrate for the Fenton reaction, leading to a cascade reaction that achieves a synergistic effect of three therapeutic modalities in tumor treatment. Moreover, the aptamer AS1411 is used to enhance tumor targeting and optimize drug delivery within the tumor microenvironment. This investigation presents a multimodal antitumor strategy that demonstrates enhanced antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo, providing a new paradigm for the antitumor application of bacterial membrane nanocarriers.