Microfluidics-based technology for Sperm Sex Sorting in Livestock Species

Microfluidics, a technology leveraging precise fluid manipulation at the microscale, has emerged as a promising tool for sperm sex sorting in livestock species. This review explores the application of microfluidic systems in separating X-and Y-chromosomebearing sperm, a critical process in livestock breeding for controlling offspring sex ratios. Traditional methods like flow cytometry, while effective, are costly and can compromise sperm viability. Microfluidics offers advantages such as high precision, reduced cellular stress, and potential scalability, making it an attractive alternative. This paper evaluates the principles, techniques, and challenges of microfluidic sperm sorting, with a focus on its practical implications for cattle, pigs, and sheep. Current research and future directions highlight the technology's potential to revolutionize the livestock industry.