Childbearing Motivation Questionnaire (Measurement Invariance): Testing Measurement Invariance Brazil - Peru

Abstract The Childbearing Motivation Questionnaire (CBQ), developed by American researcher Warren Miller, aims to measure the motivations for having and not having children. It consists of 47 items divided into two independent scales: Positive Childbearing Motivation and Negative Childbearing Motivation. This study aims to test the measurement invariance of CBQ adaptations for Peru and Brazil. A total of 1,874 Peruvians and 1,985 Brazilians, aged between 18 and 70 years, participated. Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling MIMIC (Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes) were performed. The Positive Childbearing Motivation scale presented evidence of strict invariance, indicating that the scale can be used to compare both general and specific positive motivations for parenting between Brazilians and Peruvians. On the other hand, the Negative Childbearing Motivation scale presented response bias in relation to the country, raising concerns about its validity for cross-cultural studies between the two countries.