Global food security in modern conditions

The problem of food security is one of the key global challenges of our time, enshrined in international agreements and the UN Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. Organizations such as FAO, the European Union and the UN World Food Program are actively working to overcome it. However, despite the efforts of the world community, statistics show that the problem of hunger and chronic malnutrition is worsening. The main factors affecting food security are climate change, military conflicts, economic crises, as well as the structure of food markets. Geopolitical instability leads to disruptions in global supply chains, rising food prices and aggravating the crisis in countries with high dependence on imports. For example, the situation in the Middle East demonstrates how armed conflicts destroy the agricultural sector and create humanitarian disasters. Ukraine plays an important role in ensuring global food security, being one of the leading exporters of grains and oilseeds. Its agricultural sector has a critical impact on the global market, especially for countries in Africa, the Middle East and the EU. However, the war in Ukraine has significantly complicated the situation, affecting production, export opportunities and the overall state of agriculture. Globalization has both positive and negative consequences for Ukraine’s food security. On the one hand, it promotes integration into global markets, attracting investment and improving product quality standards. On the other hand, challenges include dependence on external markets, monopolization of the agricultural sector, environmental problems and depletion of natural resources. Thus, ensuring food security requires an integrated approach that includes international cooperation, sustainable agriculture and efficient resource management. It is critical for Ukraine to develop domestic production, support farmers and ensure stable exports to maintain its position in the global food market. Keywords: food problem, food security, global food market, agri-food chains, food prices, agri-food crisis.