Menopause as a Risk Factor for Metabolic Syndrome in Urban Indian Women

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).This study was carried out to determine whether menopause is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome (Met S) in Indian women.Materials and methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was carried out from 01 January 2021 to 31 May 2022, in 300 patients, comprising two groups, Study group A, which included 150 postmenopausal women, and control group B, which included 150 premenopausal women.Observation and results: In our study, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 40% in the postmenopausal group and 12.7% in the premenopausal group, with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.004).The relative risk for developing metabolic syndrome was 2.46 (95% CI: 1.64-3.70).The odds ratio (OR) was maximum for raised triglycerides (TG) (OR 3.41), and then by the presence of hypertension (OR 2.08), followed by increased waist circumference (OR 1.73), raised fasting blood sugar (OR 1.61) low high-density cholesterol (HDL) (OR 1.38) in descending order.Conclusion: Menopause was found to be a significant risk factor for metabolic syndrome in Indian women.The high prevalence of triglyceridemia indicates a need for dietary restriction and exercise.