Prevalence of Congenital Anomalies in Fetuses Subjected to Autopsy: A Hospital Cross-sectional Study

Background: Despite advances in imaging and genetic testing, fetal autopsies are needed to confirm the ultrasound diagnosis, look for additional associated malformations, and determine the cause of death.Our study aimed to understand the prevalence and distribution of congenital anomalies in fetuses subjected to autopsy.Materials and methods: The present study was conducted at the Department of Pathology of a medical college in North Karnataka from January 2021 to December 2021.Fetuses for autopsy were received from its attached tertiary care hospital.One hundred and sixty abortus and stillborn babies were subjected to autopsy.The prevalence of different systemic anomalies was noted and described according to the fetus gestational age and the mother's age.A system-wise description of congenital anomalies was done.Results: Out of 160 cases, 66 fetuses (41.3%) had congenital anomalies.The majority of the fetuses (32.5%) were below 20 weeks of gestation.The sex of the fetus did not influence the occurrence of congenital anomalies.The central nervous system was the commonest system involved, accounting for 24 cases (36.4%), followed by the genitourinary system comprising 18 cases (27.3%).Three rare syndromes, like body stalk syndrome, Potter's syndrome, and Dandy-Walker syndrome, were also noted. Conclusion:Fetal autopsy continues to be the gold standard for confirming the etiology of fetal death, which is crucial for clinicians to manage future pregnancies and in directing the optimal use of health resources.Clinical significance: This study reiterates the fact that fetal autopsies help in deciding the etiology of fetal death and in a deeper understanding of the disease process.This information forms the basis for managing subsequent pregnancies.