APPLICATION OF PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING AS A UNIVERSAL MEANS OF TRAINING MODERN SPECIALISTS

The article considers the application of the problem-based learning method as a universal means of training modern specialists in various fields. The relevance of the study is explained by the existence of a social order in modern society for a specialist – a harmoniously developed, creative personality, able to think logically, find solutions in various problem situations, systematize and accumulate knowledge, capable of adequate self-analysis, self-development and self-correction, as well as open to dialogue and able to work in a team. The use of problem-based learning in higher education allows you to educate just such a specialist, forms critical thinking, and the ability to quickly make decisions and adapt to complex situations. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the need to use problem-based learning technology in higher education institutions to increase the effectiveness of training modern specialists and demonstrate specific problem cases for future doctors, pharmacists, IT specialists, and specialists in extreme and crisis psychology. Research methods: the study used partially exploratory and descriptive methods; to select material for problem cases, the master's degree programs «Pharmacy», «Cybersecurity» and «Crisis Psychology» have been analyzed. Specific cases have been presented for applicants studying in the IT field, pharmacy, extreme and crisis psychology specialties, indicating the research, methods, and results of the research. The problem-based learning methodology not only helps students acquire the necessary knowledge, skills, and abilities but also promotes their intellectual development, forms the ability to independently master new information through creative activity, increases interest in the learning process, and ensures high-quality learning outcomes.