Design improvement of line marking machine using the integration of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) with Fuzzy Analytic Network Process (FANP)

Sports line marking is essential in Malaysian schools, with transfer wheel markers being the most commonly used machines. However, these machines have issues such as clogging from loose grass and soil, unstable tyres, and poor handling. This study aims to improve the design using the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) model integrated with the Fuzzy Analytic Network Process (FANP) method. A questionnaire based on user interviews identified the user needs, which were quantified and processed to address uncertainties in evaluating customer and engineering requirements (CRs and ERs). From the integration, weight ranked highest in importance (0.378), followed by tyre friction (0.193), handle height (0.156), and oil consumption (0.092). This shows that the designers should prioritize machine weight, tyre quality, handle height, and marking oil efficiency. Further research could incorporate multi-objective optimization to balance cost, sustainability, and manufacturability, demonstrating the QFD-FANP framework's adaptability to other industries.