From First Trimester to Term: The Role of Pregnancy-associated Plasma Protein A in Predicting and Detecting Intrauterine Growth Restriction—A Prospective Study

Aim and background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a significant contributor to perinatal morbidity and mortality.Early identification of at-risk pregnancies is crucial for improved outcomes.Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) has emerged as a potential biomarker for predicting IUGR.The aim of this study was to determine the role of first-trimester PAPP-A levels in predicting IUGR.Materials and methods: This prospective study included 107 pregnant women aged 18-40 years.It was conducted at the