Poland's strategic energy partnerships: key to success long-term energy security

<ns7:p>Background Energy security is a top priority for import-dependent countries like Poland and is driving efforts to diversify supply and reduce dependence on dominant exporters. International cooperation - through infrastructure projects, technology sharing and joint investment - is increasing resilience and accelerating the clean energy transition. This article examines Poland’s evolving international energy partnerships from 2015 to 2024 and their impact on the pace of Poland's energy transition. Methods This article uses a mixed-method approach, combining policy analysis, document review, quantitative data analysis, and case studies to examine how international cooperation supports Poland’s energy transition. Framed through the lens of neoliberal institutionalism, the study assesses how international regimes and market mechanisms influence Poland’s energy diplomacy and decarbonization efforts. Results The research highlights that international energy cooperation plays a critical role in enhancing Poland’s energy security, accelerating the development of renewable energy, and advancing key transition areas. One of the major findings is the untapped potential for collaboration in emerging sectors such as hydrogen, biomethane, and energy storage. The study also underscores the significant impact of European financial institutions, like the EIB and EBRD, in supporting Poland’s energy infrastructure and transition efforts. Furthermore, the author proposes a classification of Poland’s foreign energy partners into strategic, sectoral, and potential partners, providing a framework for targeted policy engagement. The article concludes with actionable recommendations to strengthen and expand Poland’s international energy partnerships. Conclusions Strengthening international energy cooperation is not just beneficial but essential for Poland’s secure and sustainable energy future. Unlocking partnerships in emerging sectors and leveraging EU financial support can significantly accelerate the country’s transition efforts.</ns7:p>