Public library services for migrants in national government policies across eight European countries: a comparative analysis

Introduction. This study is the first to explore how public library services for migrants are prioritised in national government policies across eight European countries: Denmark, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Norway, Poland and Sweden. Method. Using a comparative case study approach, the study analyses national library and immigration policy documents from the 1970s to the present, with qualitative content analysis identifying key themes and policy developments. Analysis. The research examines policy trends, recurring themes and country-specific differences, focusing on library services for migrants in national policies. Results. The study highlights variations in how library services are incorporated into national migration policies, and how library services for migrants are included in national library policies. Influencing factors include economic migration, humanitarian crises and policy shifts. Finland, Norway and Sweden have comprehensive national policies, while Denmark and Iceland have largely relied on local initiatives, and Hungary, Germany and Poland offer limited guidance. Conclusion. This paper lays the groundwork for future research, suggesting in-depth case studies to examine national challenges and the alignment between national policies and local practices.