Characterization of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) insect pests and the different control methods used in Southern Benin

The majority of watermelon pests have long been controlled by the often-excessive use of pesticides, whose harmful effects on ecosystems are well known. These impacts are all the more worrying when they affect crops. In light of this, integrated pest management (IPM) appears to be a sustainable alternative aimed at limiting the use of chemicals. This study aims to improve the productivity of Citrullus lanatus in southern Benin through integrated pest management techniques. It focuses on the classification of pests and diseases encountered, as well as the evaluation of the control methods used. The survey was conducted in several municipalities, including Missérété, Covè, Za-kpota, Comè, Dangbo, Dogbo, Lokossa, Tori-Bossito, Allada, Adjohoun, Kétou, Grand-Popo, and Ouidah. The results reveal the presence of flies, beetles, root-knot nematodes, downy mildew, leaf spot, anthracnose, fusarium wilt, and mosaic virus. Growers mainly use chemicals such as Pacha 25EC, Acarius 018EC, Emacot019EC, Kaobtimal, and Lambda. However, their overuse leads to the destruction of beneficials and pollution. Few studies mention the use of biopesticides, although various cultural practices can effectively control these pests.