Therapeutic interventions for the non-motor strokes sequelae: an overview

Abstract Stroke is the second leading cause of death and disability globally. However, the quality of life and rehabilitation outcomes of stroke survivors are greatly impacted by non-motor sequelae, such as cognitive impairment, emotional problems, exhaustion, sleep abnormalities, and post-stroke depression. Post-stroke therapy often neglects the common non-motor problems that are often overlooked in the treatment process. This overview provides a comprehensive summary of current therapeutic therapies for non-motor stroke sequelae, focusing on both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. Pharmacological interventions for non-motor symptoms, such as cholinesterase inhibitors, psychostimulants, and antidepressants, have shown varying effectiveness. In addition to paralysis and motor disability, many non-motor symptoms related to stroke involve a wide range of manifestations such as aphasia, visual impairment, hemineglect, sleep disorders, depression, and cognitive impairment, all of which significantly impact the quality of life of stroke survivors. Effective management of these non-motor symptoms is crucial for promoting successful recovery and rehabilitation. This review provides a comprehensive review of the latest evidence-based non-pharmacological interventions for addressing non-motor symptoms of stroke to optimize recovery, minimize disability, and improve the quality of life of stroke patients. Non-pharmacological interventions like cognitive rehabilitation, psychotherapy, physical exercise, mindfulness-based therapy, and neuromodulation methods like transcranial magnetic stimulation are increasingly recognized for their comprehensive and complementary benefits. New research indicates that interdisciplinary treatment plans are the most effective in addressing the diverse non-motor stroke post-effects. This review underscores the necessity for more clinical trials, personalized intervention strategies, and standardized evaluation instruments to enhance stroke survivors' recovery and overall well-being.