Assessing artificial intelligence ability in predicting hospitalization duration for pleural empyema patients managed with uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a retrospective observational study

While artificial intelligence holds promise in supporting clinical decision-making, this study demonstrates the challenges of predicting length of stay in pleural empyema patients due to significant clinical variability and the current limitations of AI-based models. Future research should focus on integrating larger, multi-center datasets and more advanced machine learning approaches to enhance predictive accuracy.