Five-Year Trends in SSRI Consumption: A Precision Medicine Approach to Comparative Analysis Between Serbia and European Countries

<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Mental diseases are one of the leading groups of health disorders worldwide, with depressive and anxiety disorders being the most prevalent. Depressive disorders can be treated with pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, or a combination of both. In cases where these approaches prove ineffective, electroconvulsive therapy may be considered as an alternative. The drugs of choice for treating depressive disorders are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). In the Republic of Serbia, commonly prescribed SSRIs include fluoxetine, citalopram, paroxetine, sertraline, and escitalopram. <b>Methods</b>: Data on drug sales for human medicine from the Agency for Medicines and Medical Devices of Serbia (ALIMS) were used for the analysis of consumption in the period 2018-2022. Data on drug consumption in other European countries were obtained from the respective national registers. <b>Results</b>: From 2018 to 2021, sertraline was the best-selling drug in this group, but with a statistically significant decrease (R² = 0.7948, <i>p</i> = 0.042), while escitalopram showed a statistically significant increase (<i>p</i> = 0.006) and became the best-selling drug in the SSRI group in 2022. Overall, SSRI group consumption fluctuated from 2018 to 2022, with the highest values in 2020. However, these variations were not statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.6223). Compared to Serbia, out of 12 European countries, 8 had higher and 4 had lower consumption in 2019 and 2020. A positive correlation was found between antidepressant consumption and GDP per capita. <b>Conclusions</b>: Sertraline was the most commonly prescribed SSRI drug in Serbia from 2018 to 2021. However, in 2022, escitalopram became the most commonly used drug in this group both in Serbia and worldwide, with a consistent increase in consumption.