Estimation of Marine Resource Vulnerability Index for the Gulf of Mannar Coast, Tamil Nadu

Background: The Gulf of Mannar, Tamil Nadu, is a critical marine ecosystem facing threats like overfishing and habitat degradation. This study assesses the vulnerability of marine fishery resources using a Resource Vulnerability Index (RVI), highlighting key factors driving resource depletion. Methods: The RVI was developed using indicators such as overcapacity (excessive fleets), declining catch per unit effort (CPUE), shifting species composition and environmental degradation. Data were collected from fisheries reports and local surveys, with the index calculated for Ramanathapuram, Thoothukudi and Tirunelveli districts. Result: Ramanathapuram exhibits the highest vulnerability among the districts in the Gulf of Mannar, driven primarily by severe overfishing and significant habitat loss. Thoothukudi follows with moderate vulnerability, facing similar challenges of overcapacity and environmental degradation. Tirunelveli, while showing comparatively lower vulnerability, still displays notable signs of resource depletion, necessitating attention to ensure sustainable fisheries management. Urgent measures are needed, including regulating fleet sizes, promoting sustainable fishing, restoring habitats and implementing policies for alternative livelihoods and resource monitoring.