Examining the impact of after-hours work connectivity on job satisfaction in universities: An expectation confirmation theory perspective

This study applies Expectation Confirmation Theory (ECT) to investigate work connectivity behavior after hours (WCBA) and its impact on job satisfaction among university teachers in Guangzhou, China. By analyzing data from 400 educators using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), the research explores whether teachers' expectations align with their actual experiences and how this alignment influences job satisfaction. The findings reveal that while educators generally hold high expectations of WCBA, their experiences mostly match these expectations. However, a significant gap between expectations and reality negatively impacts job satisfaction, emphasizing the importance of managing expectations effectively, especially for those with high-intensity WCBA. Surprisingly, the initial hypothesis was not supported, as strong WCBA did not directly reduce job satisfaction. This study demonstrates a complex quantitative relationship between expectations, actual experiences of WCBA, and job satisfaction, highlighting the need for policies that address discrepancies between expectations and realities in after-hours work connectivity to enhance job satisfaction. The findings contribute valuable insights for future research and policy development.