Exploring the Role of Exosomes in Modern Medicine

Exosomes are nano-sized membrane vesicles that transfer bioactive molecules between cells and modulate various biological processes.They are composed of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, and their biogenesis involves the formation of multivesicular bodies and the release of exosomes through exocytosis.Exosomes have been implicated in various physiological and pathological processes including cancer, immunotherapy, and neurodegenerative diseases.This review aims to provide an overview of the recent advances and challenges in exosomal based drug delivery systems in various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and joint disease.This review provides an overview of the biogenesis, composition, and therapeutic applications of exosomes.