Detection of Interleukin-33 in Patients with Celiac Disease

Background: Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion in genetically predisposed individuals. Recent research highlights the potential role of interleukin-33 (IL-33), an inflammatory cytokine released by epithelial and endothelial cells, in the pathogenesis of CD. Objective: To evaluate serum IL-33 levels in patients with celiac disease compared to healthy individuals and assess its potential involvement in disease development. Methodology: A total of 128 participants were enrolled, including 64 diagnosed celiac disease patients and 64 healthy controls. The study was conducted at Al-Husainyah Hospital, Al-Hassan Al-Mojtaba Hospital, and Imam Al-Husain Medical City. Five milliliters of venous blood were collected from each participant and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes. Serum IL-33 levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Participants with other autoimmune or gastrointestinal disorders were excluded. Patient data were collected through structured questionnaires. Results: Celiac disease patients showed significantly elevated serum IL-33 levels compared to the healthy control group. Conclusion: The findings suggest that IL-33 may play a significant role in the immunopathology of celiac disease and could serve as a potential biomarker for disease activity.