Gesture Based Wheel Chair Control

Abstract— This paper presents the design and development of a gesture-controlled smart wheelchair system intended for individuals with severe physical impairments. The proposed system utilizes head movements and eye blink detection as primary inputs to enable hands-free navigation. An accelerometer sensor interprets directional head gestures, while an infrared sensor detects intentional eye blinks for auxiliary control functions. To enhance safety, ultrasonic sensors are integrated to detect obstacles and edges, with real-time alerts delivered through a buzzer, vibration motor, and a 16x2 LCD display. The entire system is managed by an ATmega328P microcontroller, which coordinates sensor data processing and motor control via an L298N motor driver. Experimental results demonstrate accurate gesture recognition, reliable obstacle detection, and responsive feedback, making the system a cost-effective and user-friendly solution for assistive mobility. Keywords—Wheelchair direction control, ATMEGA328P, Edge detection, Eye-blink sensor, Obstacle detection, Ultrasonic sensor, Head movement control.