Effect of Nitrogen Sources and Plant Spacing on Soil properties in growing season of Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata Nees) under Malwa Agro-Climatic Conditions of Madhya Pradesh

The field experiment trial titled “Effect of Nitrogen Sources and Plant Spacing on Soil properties in growing season of Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata Nees) under Malwa Agro-Climatic Conditions of Madhya Pradesh’’ was carried out in the Herbal Garden Department of Plantation, Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic Crops, KNK College of Horticulture, Mandsaur (M.P.) during the Kharif season 2024-25. The experimental Observations on soil parameters were recorded using standard methods. The study assessed key soil parameters, including Available nitrogen (kg ha-1), Available phosphorus (kg ha-1) and Available potassium (kg ha-1) in soil. The results indicated that the pre-transplant soil analysis has a field variation in the soil fertility, as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content. Among the treatment plots, S1 and N1 plots showed more fertility as compared to the other plots. The post-harvest soil analysis showed similar trends, with S1 and N1 plots showing higher nutrient levels in the soil. The combination S1 × N1 resulted in the maximum retention of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, indicating efficient nutrient cycling.