Perianal Infections Update

Abstract Purpose of Review We describe the evaluation, treatment, and disposition of patients presenting with perianal and rectal complaints, specifically focusing on identifying and treating various infectious diseases affecting this area. Risk factors and preventative strategies are also discussed where known. Recent Findings Several professional medical associations, namely the World Society of Emergency Surgery and the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma, recently promulgated new guidelines concerning the diagnosis and management of common infectious rectal disorders [1]. The American College of Radiology also published its criteria for choosing appropriate imaging modalities for anorectal disease [2]. Additionally, new meta-analyses have been published trying to shed light on important controversies regarding the optimal management of perirectal abscess, Fournier’s gangrene, and sepsis. During the recent Mpox outbreak, several case reports of patients with perianal complications have been published. This review discusses appropriate diagnosis and management of perianal infections. Summary We will make the recent evidence that has emerged on diagnosis, imaging, treatment, and disposition of perianal infections available to practitioners, aiming to improve patients’ outcomes. Many sexually transmitted diseases, as well as Mpox, can present with rectal complaints, requiring familiarity on the practitioner’s part for optimal management.