Green Fields, Smart Tech: The Digital Transformation of Rural Farming

This study examines how e-governance enhances agricultural practices and improves rural livelihoods in India, particularly addressing the digital divide. Using a mixed-method approach, it combines quantitative survey data from 757 rural farmers in Kerala with qualitative insights from interviews and case studies. Grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), it incorporates Diffusion of Innovations Theory to explain adoption patterns and Innovation Resistance Theory to identify barriers. Partial least squares structural equation modeling validates adoption factors like awareness, attitudes, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and actual system usage, with socio-demographic factors such as age, education, income, and digital literacy playing crucial roles. The qualitative analysis highlights infrastructural limitations, trust deficits, and inadequate training as major obstacles. By integrating statistical findings with farmer experiences, the study presents a refined conceptual model for effective e-governance implementation. Practical recommendations include targeted digital training, infrastructure development, and policy reforms to create accessible, farmer-centric solutions. These insights support policymakers, technology developers, and agricultural stakeholders in fostering sustainable agricultural development and maximizing farmer participation.