An in-depth study of the exotic whiteflies in India's coconut ecosystems: A bibliometric analysis and approaches to their management

Coconut trees are constantly threatened by various insect pests, with invasive whiteflies proving particularly harmful. Species such as the rugose spiralling Whitefly (Aleurodicus rugioperculatus), Bondar's nesting whitefly (Paraleyrodes bondari), Nesting whitefly (Paraleyrodes minei) and Palm infesting whitefly (Aleurotrachelus atratus) are severely impacting coconut production in tropical and subtropical regions. These whiteflies damage palms by feeding on sap, disrupting nutrient flow and causing yellowing leaves and premature leaf drop. This weakens the palms, making them more vulnerable to diseases. The honeydew they produce encourages the growth of sooty mould, which blocks sunlight and further hampers photosynthesis. These whiteflies are identifiable by their waxy secretions and distinctive spiralling egg-laying patterns. Their ability to affect various hosts, including ornamental plants and crops, complicates control efforts, facilitating their spread. Natural predators, such as parasitoid wasps from the Encarsia and Eretmocerus genera, help control whitefly populations by targeting eggs and nymphs. Sustainable pest management relies on an integrated pest management (IPM) approach, which combines biological control, regular monitoring, cultural practices like pruning and sanitation and the careful use of chemical insecticides. Adopting a robust IPM strategy is key to controlling whitefly infestations, reducing pest resurgence and ensuring coconut palms' long-term health and productivity while maintaining ecosystem balance and sustainability. A bibliometric analysis using the Bibliometrix R package and VOSviewer (version 1.6.20) has been conducted to assess research trends and identify knowledge gaps.