Optimized Use of Alternative Water Sources with Artificial Recharge in Circulating Irrigation under Climate Change: A Case Study from Enbekshikazakh District, Almaty Region

With the growing deficit of water resources, utilizing non-traditional water sources for irrigation has become crucial for stable crop and livestock production.In the Yenbekshikazakh district, favorable natural and climatic conditions have facilitated the development of cascades of seasonal regulation ponds.The construction and reconstruction of these ponds, integrated into water recycling systems, have significantly enhanced irrigated agriculture.This initiative has resolved water supply issues for the villages of Baiterek, Alga, and Koishibek, restoring 1,420 hectares of previously abandoned arable land and boosting agricultural productivity.The cascades have increased water availability by 25-30%, reducing reliance on traditional irrigation sources during dry periods, with a total storage capacity of 850,000 m.Consequently, average crop yields have risen by 15-18%, with wheat increasing from 2.5 t/ha to 3.1 t/ha, barley from 2.2 t/ha to 2.8 t/ha, and corn from 3.8 t/ha to 4.5 t/ha.Additionally, water availability has expanded fodder crop cultivation by 20-25%, enhancing livestock nutrition and decreasing dependence on imported feed.These measures support sustainable agricultural development and long-term food security in the region.