Phytochemical Composition and Antimicrobial Potential of Dichrostachys cinerea Extracts for the Management of Toothache-Associated Infections

In order to treat infections linked to toothaches, this study examines the antibacterial qualities of Dichrostachys cinerea's leaves, stem bark, and roots. In Nigeria's Plateau State, the plant is well-known locally and has long been used to cure a variety of conditions, including dental discomfort. Bioactive substances such saponins, tannins, flavonoids, and steroids were found in all examined sections of extracts made with hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol, according to phytochemical screening. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted using clinical isolates from patients with toothache. The methanolic extracts, particularly from the leaves and r oots, demonstrated significant inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella boydii, and Streptococcus mutans, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values as low as 0.16 mg/ml. Conversely, Escherichia coli showed high resistance across all extracts. The strong antimicrobial activity is attributed to the synergistic effects of the plant’s phytochemicals, known for disrupting microbial cell membranes and interfering with essential enzymatic functions. These results support D. cinerea's prospective development as a phytomedicine for oral healthcare and offer scientific confirmation for its traditional use in treating toothaches. To assess efficacy and safety, more in vivo research and clinical trials are advised.