Research Progress on Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies for Lower Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis in Burn Patients

Objective：To systematically investigate the risk factors, pathological mechanisms, and prevention strategies for lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in burn patients, and to evaluate the clinical value of a multidimensional prediction model. Methods：A retrospective analysis of 320 burn patients from the Burn Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University was conducted, combined with a comprehensive literature review. Risk stratification, logistic regression analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were employed to identify critical factors and validate prevention efficacy. Results：Key Risk Factors: Burn area ≥30% total body surface area (TBSA) (OR=3.12, 95% CI:1.85–5.26), wound infection (OR=2.78), prolonged bed rest ≥7 days (OR=2.45), and central venous catheterization (OR=2.15).Pathological Mechanisms: Inflammatory factor-mediated hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, and venous stasis synergistically drive thrombosis.Prevention Efficacy: Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) reduced DVT risk by 64% (OR=0.36, P=0.004). Stratified strategies (early LMWH for high-risk patients + mechanical prophylaxis and stepwise rehabilitation for others) significantly lowered incidence.Prediction Model: A combined model integrating burn size, infection, immobilization, and catheterization achieved superior accuracy (AUC=0.85 vs. 0.72 for single-factor models). Conclusion：DVT prevention in burn patients requires multidimensional risk identification, standardized LMWH application, and stratified management. A dynamic prediction model enables precise intervention and resource optimization. Future research should prioritize multicenter prospective validation and machine learning-driven early warning systems to further reduce thrombosis-related mortality.