Methods of clinical data analysis: comparison of different methods of processing and interpretation of clinical data to improve the effectiveness of therapy

Clinical data analysis is a cornerstone of evidence-based medicine and a key to improving the effectiveness of therapy. This article reviews various methods of statistical processing of clinical data - from classical statistical tests to modern machine learning methods - and their comparative effectiveness in interpreting results to improve therapeutic outcomes. We will discuss examples of real-life studies demonstrating the application of these methods, as well as approaches to summarizing data (meta-analysis, analysis of real-world data) to make better informed treatment recommendations.